The poem The Echoing Green is written by William Blake Essay Example For Students

The poem The Echoing Green is written by William Blake Essay The poem The Echoing Green is written by William Blake. It is taken from SONGS OF INNOCENCE. It is divine voice of childhood unchallenged by the test and doubts of later years. Blake expresses in simple and lovely diction the happiness and innocence of a childs first thoughts about. This is a pictorial poem. The Echoing Green is a poem about a grassy field on a warm morning in late spring. The poet gives a very beautiful description of a dawn and morning of spring. The spring represents the life. Morning is the beginning of life and the dark evening is the end. We will write a custom essay on The poem The Echoing Green is written by William Blake specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now This poem is a blend of child like innocence and grayness of later years. It is symbolic and draws a contrast between youth and old age. Blake has expressed broad meaning of the playground. The children are carefree and they are not surrounded by any kind of worries because worries are associated with old age and pleasures with childhood. The children are busy in games. They are showing vibrant attitude and display high energy in their games. They are laughing and thoroughly enjoying themselves. Their voices echo in the field. They travel on the wings of leisurely fancy and float far into the realm of calm and sweet childhood joy; unaware of the pains and cutting realization they are going to encounter as the years fall in on them. The nature also seems to join in with their joy as the sun shines with sheer brilliance over the playing children. The azure sky also seems to be smiling at the joy of these innocent children. The whole atmosphere further seems drunk with high-spirited fervor; the church bells add their sonorous chimes to this festive atmosphere. The poet symbolizes the innocence and delicacy of children with the birds. The birds are happy and they sing their heart out. The mellifluous chirping and singing of these feathered friends represents the joys and blessings of our lives. The beautiful songbirds like the delicate thrush and the sweet sounding skylark create a marvelous fusion of their cute chirping with the sonorous bell chimes. From this point the poem shows a subtle recession in the mood as the focus eases on to the old people sitting under the oak tree and draw a strange sort of pleasure from the games and the frivolous activities of the children. The old oak tree also symbolizes a rather enigmatic entity of existence- time. The old oak tree represents the all-pervasive time that draws a calming balance between the contrasting old age and the joyous childhood. The old people sitting under the cool shades of the old oak tree show a rather reflective attitude as they brood over the time of their own childhood. For some time they forget their own worries and pains which they have realized with the passage of time. This shows that the children are a blessing and they have the ability to make ones life happy. The old people enjoy the childrens sports. The old folks are also laughing at the simplicity and innocence of the children. The children are ignorant about the hardships and the difficulties in the life ahead. The older generation has gone through the ups and downs of life and can actually understand the sweetness of the time of childhood, as that is a time that they have lost. In fact they are ready for their eternal rest in the womb of Mother Nature. Thus the old people are absorbed in the games of the children and recall their own childhood and youth à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" the golden period of life. .uc258e313e17268b7dd52c00bf721715e , .uc258e313e17268b7dd52c00bf721715e .postImageUrl , .uc258e313e17268b7dd52c00bf721715e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc258e313e17268b7dd52c00bf721715e , .uc258e313e17268b7dd52c00bf721715e:hover , .uc258e313e17268b7dd52c00bf721715e:visited , .uc258e313e17268b7dd52c00bf721715e:active { border:0!important; } .uc258e313e17268b7dd52c00bf721715e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc258e313e17268b7dd52c00bf721715e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc258e313e17268b7dd52c00bf721715e:active , .uc258e313e17268b7dd52c00bf721715e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc258e313e17268b7dd52c00bf721715e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc258e313e17268b7dd52c00bf721715e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc258e313e17268b7dd52c00bf721715e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc258e313e17268b7dd52c00bf721715e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc258e313e17268b7dd52c00bf721715e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc258e313e17268b7dd52c00bf721715e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc258e313e17268b7dd52c00bf721715e .uc258e313e17268b7dd52c00bf721715e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc258e313e17268b7dd52c00bf721715e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Two Poets Present Their Memories EssayAs W B Yeats said, The days of the youth are the days of our glory. But this joy of the old people is mixed with a subtle somberness as they realize the sad fact that after all these children will also be swept with the current of time and then one day they will take their place under the shade of the oak tree, and a new generation will take their place. And so the rise and fall will go on and on. The poet here is underlining a very resonant fact of life i. e. the inevitability of death. The last stanza is laden with a rather pathetic mood. It indicates the end of life. The children are tired and they have stopped playing. This is a sign of old age- the tiring of the children symbolizes the old age, when man becomes old and heads towards his eventual demise. Moreover a sad mood prevails over him as he realizes the approaching death. So the harbinger of death is symbolized by the evening as the evening shadows creep on the green announcing the arrival of night-death. The green takes on an unpleasant and sordid look. The game ends! So does the life. The children return to their homes to rest. The home symbolizes the grave and the rest is the eternal rest. Thus the poem is a splendid pen picture of joys of child hood and their eventual fading away into eternity. Blake has further laid stress on the potent entity called change. The poet has through useful symbol of oak tree, old people, evening etc has discussed the mechanics, which act as a fulcrum in moving the paddles of life. The poet has showed superb mastery as he changes the mood of the poem along with the progression of the poem. The poem is in fact a very fine presentation of the philosophy of life resting on the hinges of the magnificent time. And sport no more seen On the darkening green.

ID222 Book of Job HW Essay

ID222 Book of Job HW Essay ID222 Book of Job HW Essay 1. Briefly summarize what happens in the beginning of the story of Job. (Job 1-2) In the beginning of the story of Job, in the land of Uz, a very reverent man named Job is the wealthiest man in the East. Job has seven sons, three daughters, bountiful life stock, and a large house. God comments to Satan about how faithful Job is to God, and Satan replies that it is because Job has so many possessions. God gives Satan permission to destroy Job’s possessions, but to not harm Job, to see if Job will blaspheme God. Job loses his possessions and his children, strips down to be naked, and continues to praise God saying that his worldly possessions are of no importance. Satan again encounters God who comments that Job has not blasphemed him even with the loss of his possessions, making the test an unnecessary punishment for Job. Satan retorts that any man will give up his possessions to save his own life. God then gives Satan permission to afflict Job with an ailment, but not to kill Job, to see if Job will blaspheme God. Satan gives Job a painful total body inflam mation. Job’s wife tells him to blaspheme God and die, but Job tells her that they should accept both good and evil from God. Job’s three friends came to visit him and sat by him silently for a week watching him lay on the ground in agony. Through all of this loss and suffering, Job does not sin nor blaspheme God. 2. How do Job’s friends explain what has happened to him? (Job 8) Job’s friends attribute his misfortune and afflictions to sin. They say that if he was without fault (â€Å"blameless†), then he would be blessed with a good life. His friends say that for one to be blessed they must praise God to be blessed. Job’s friends are implying that to be as afflicted as he was, he must have not been pious nor without fault. 3. Why does Job reject their explanation? (Job 29-30) Job rejects his friends’ explanation because he was not a sinner. Job describes all of the benevolent acts he performed with his God given wealth. He then goes on to say that he expected to be rewarded for his good deeds, not chastised as he had been. 4. How does God respond to Job’s complaint? (Job 38) God responds to Job’s complaint by saying that God had created all of the

Company Assessment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Company Assessment - Research Paper Example So the parent company through its various subsidiaries provides various marketing and communication services across the world. Mission- WPP nurtures and manages new talent and applies the same for the client benefits across the world. The company facilitates the accessibility of the clients with the companies with required communication skills & marketing and companies with distinctive and strong cultures. WPP complements the functions of these companies in various ways. WPP saves the companies from administrative related work. There is a central co-ordination in financial matters like budgeting, planning, reporting, treasury, control, tax, acquisitions, mergers and investor relations. This enables WPP companies to pursue professional excellence. Besides WPP encourages the joint functioning of its companies belonging to various disciplines (WPP-a, â€Å"Our mission†). Internal Analysis of strengths and weaknesses WPP is the global leader in â€Å"marketing communications serv ices†. The leading company composition of the group includes media investment, advertising, consumer insight, public relations, branding, promotion etc. ... The big clients look out for parent companies with a group of subsidiaries companies that can provide integrated solutions to fulfil their marketing needs. WPP has a list of subsidiaries with each specialising in a discipline. By virtue of this the companies of varying disciplines work together to satisfy the marketing needs of the clients. This works to the advantage of WPP. Awards & recognitions- WPP is a member of FTSE100, FTSE4Good Index, Forbes Global 2000 and Euro FT300. In the year 2009 the company won â€Å"Building Public Trust Awards† for excellence in the area of corporate reporting. In the same year the website of the company received â€Å"Best of Industry for Outstanding Achievement in Web Development†. In International ARC awards 2009 the company won ‘Gold’ for â€Å"Best Online Annual Report in Class And Honours for Best Annual Report across All countries†. The global newspaper of the group â€Å"The WRE† ranked number one out of 400, for straight two years in â€Å"2008 LACP Inspire Awards†. The corporate responsibility section of the company consists of information on the ratings of WPP bys socially responsible investors (WPP-d, â€Å"WPP at a glance†). The Group comprises 150 companies with each company having a distinctive brand. Each company has a distinct identity, commands loyalty, highly committed and has a specialist expertise. This highlights the individual strength of each of these companies. The companies under the group are associated with 354 Fortune Global 500 companies; 28 companies out of Dow Jones 30; more than half of NASDAQ 100 companies and nearly three-fourth of the Fortune-e 50 companies. The clients get additional advantages from the combined working of the

Summarizing a biological article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Summarizing a biological article - Essay Example 67). The study addressed initial questions relating to the role of membrane phospholipids in ice nucleation activity. Previous studies have also tried to address role of phospholipids as a factor of ice nucleation activity in most bacterial membranes. The study established the role of phospholipid components such as phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylethanolamine, to ice nucleation activity. The researchers in the study grew E.coli bacterial strains in controlled cultures at 21 degrees Celsius and pH of 7. The study monitored the growth of the cells through measurements of absorbance of the media at 600nm using Perkin-Elmer spectrophotometer. The researchers the harvested multiplied cells after the end of logarithmic phase. The study then overexpressed ice nucleation proteins E.coli cells through cloning in Pt3t7lac vector. The study assayed Ice nucleation activity in the cells through droplet-freezing assay followed by serial dilutions. The study finally used ICE software program to calculate ice nucleation activity. The study then extracted ice nucleation protein through lysis of the E.coli cells and the protein content determined through Bradford method. The researchers then purified and analyzed Ice nucleation protein through gel electrophoresis followed by immunoblotting (Palaiomylitou et al. 68). After production of protein antibodies, the study extracted the lipi ds through monophasic system involving methanol, chloroform, and water ratio of 2:1:0.8. The study affirmed the restoration effect of phospholipids on the activity of ice nucleation protein after the delipidation of lipoproteins. However, must phasmatoscopic analysis to help in the elucidation of hydrophobic properties of ice nucleation protein and to determine the mode of protein-lipid interaction in the ice nucleation protein (Palaiomylitou et al. 75). Palaiomylitou, M. A., Kalimanis, A., Koukkou, A.I., Drainas, C., Anastassopoulos, E.,

FORENSIC ACCOUNTING Money Laundering and organized Finance

FORENSIC ACCOUNTING Money Laundering and organized Finance Money laundering poses a serious threat to individuals, businesses, financial systems, markets and governments as this financial crime affect the health of human beings and destruct the development of a country, for example developing countries loses billions every year to countries such a Switzerland. In the recent years White Collar crime has become the potential threat to the continued existence of capitalists economy , which now force the international and regional government begin to acknowledge that money laundering has become a threat to the global economy development, financial systems as well as to the global community. Due to the growing of organised crime such as human trafficking, drug trafficking, terrorism and tax evasion. Money laundering is believed to be the third industry by some academic researchers, with an estimated 2% to 5% of gross domestic products (GDP) of the world. This essay will also provide a literature review in order to better understand the theories of money laundering and the roles and responsibilities of professional bodies. Which also include the review of international and national policies and legislation frameworks designed to prevent money laundering? Final the finding and recommendations of this essay clearly shows evidence which suggest that professionals are vectors and advisers of money laundering, therefore, such illicit seems to be made easy by various professions who collaborate and contribute to this growing problem, in particularly the banks, professional bodies such as Auditors, Accountants and Lawyers, are argued to play a pivotal role in smoothing the progress for money launders to conceal the proceeds of their corrupt activities INTRODUCTION This study will attempt to examine the relationship between money laundering and Fraud, as well as its global network and the seriousness of these crimes effects in the global economy and the social consequences for the international community. Furthermore, put in plan words the problem of money laundering in the UK, reflecting on whether anti-money laundering laws introduced in the past decades has in some why improved the control of this criminal activity. Summers (2000), states that the observable fact of money laundering is a characteristic of organized crime with researcher and academic estimating that the money laundering generate about US$100 billion; while the British Intelligence estimated that the total amount being laundered annually is about US$500 billion..The illicit drug trade alone is estimated to generate about US$300 billion of which a significant part would require laundering; this is also supported by Wolfensohn (2002). As there are many studies that critically examine money laundering and the factors that contribute to money laundering etc, there are still few and far between studies actually looking into the factors that contribute to the increase of money laundering in developing countries and match up to whether developed countries preaching for regulations and monitoring money laundering to the rest of the world , while ignoring their contribution in promoting this complex crime in developing countries indirect and direct. Problem statement White Collar crime has become the potential threat to the continued existence of capitalists economy. Money laundering for instance is assumed to take a large portion of white collar crime global, as statistics predict that almost 5% of the world gross domestic product (GDP) is lost to money laundering each year (IMF, Website ). Research aim and objectives The primary objective of this essay is to explore and identify the level that underpins the bureaucracy of money laundering, looking at both point of views (Developed Countries perspective and developing countries point of view), and measuring the preventing of money laundering. Also as to give comment on the accuracy to whether the join combat efforts are realistic. Research methodology The present study is an attempt to explore and explain the international legal systems in combating money laundering and fraud the legal framework in the global scale. The methodology of this study will gather information from secondary sources, which are already in publication, such as academically journals, books, professional articles, the internet and any other publications (Sekaran, 1992). Furthermore, the study will make an effort to find out the relevance of the information so as to possible present appropriately, to explore some of the factors that are part of the cause to money laundering and fraud. Therefore as the study will be only based on published secondary information we will reach a conclusion that does not point toward our own opinion but the critically review of the conclusion of the previous studies in this have concluded. Assumptions made in this report As the definition of money laundering constitutes a range of dynamic criminal activities, this study make assumption that money laundering includes trafficking, fraud, corruption and terrorism as all these crimes share a common feature, which lead to proceeds of illicit being laundered in some way or another. Therefore, all these above mentioned crimes are to be money laundering for this study. Investigation Outline The first section of this essay will provide a brief introduction of the objectives and assumptions made throughout the essay, as well as attempt to introduce the research question and give an overview of the subject area. This will be followed by the second section, which reviews previous studies and the critics of the conclusions of these studies. Section three will then briefly communicate the theories of money laundering and the factors that cause money laundering developing countries, followed by a short history and the definition accepted by this essay. Section four will provide evidence found by this study and a critically suggestions. Finally section five will reach a conclusion. Literature Review In order to understand the present and future of money laundering, it is important to first give a brief explanation of the background history of its origin. According to Bosworth et al, (1994), money laundering originated in the USA during the 1930s, Despite the fact that there are several publications studies in the literature of critically examining the subject area, their point of view seem to give attention to the legal and regulatory framework, adding to analysing the stages of cash placement or analyzing causes and remedies of legislations that contribute to money laundering, however, there is little done, in other words a number of empirical studies are rather limited to study whether there is a linkage between the developing and developed countries, and if are there any lessons learned? According to a study by Wolfensohn (2002), stated that at least US$1trillion is believed to laundered every year using progressively more highly developed methods such as the wiring transfer of funds across boarders, in addition these complex methods involve employing services and advice of professionals such financial advisers and accountants (Sikka, 2003; Arnold and Sikka, 2001; Aloba, 2002; Bakre, 2007;). Mitchell et al., (1996) study exposed actions carried out by some of these professionals and companies in Accounting such as Jackson Company; Grant Thornton Partners; Coopers and Lybrand; and a cabinet minister in the UK government, who were all caught up in money laundering of illegal transferring money from AGIP to Kinz Joallier SARL. The professional body of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales (ICAEW) was passed on with the case to investigate the professional misconduct of its members. Even though the High Court had previously dealt with the case and gave its own judgment, which found that the two Accountants who were caught up in the act of money laundering, the courts ruling stated that these professionals actually knew that their action were against the law and obviously laundering money, the Judge found them guilty, however the professional body itself (ICAEW) it appears that did not view it the same way as the Court did. Furthermore when the investig ation and disciplinary committee of the ICAEW was criticised it argued in defence that it was not provided with insufficient evidence to warrant the bringing of a disciplinary case against any of its members in this case of money laundering (see Letter of May 9, 1994). On the other hand, BCC I investigated the global closure in 1991 and uncovered a massive amount of criminal activities including money laundering in a number of countries around the world, which involved bribery of government officials, arms trafficking, the sales of nuclear technologies, the support of terrorism, tax evasion, and smuggling operations, as well as massive financial frauds (Arnold and Sikka, 2001). According to the 400 page report by Arnaud Montebourge (2001) The City is an impenetrable fortress with a status, rights and custom of its own, a closed universe where every financier, banker or businessman chooses silence above all else. The report stated that it had taken the British an extraordinary amount of time to respond to Swiss tip-offs before ordering 19 banks to freeze funds linked to former Nigerian ruler, Sanni Abacha [BBC News, October 10, 2001]. A Harvard-educated Colombian economist, Franklin Jurado, used the services of accountants to launder $36 million in profits, from US cocaine sales for the late Colombian drug lord Jose Santacruz-Londono, by wiring it out of Panama, through the offices of Merrill Lynch and other financial institutions, to Europe. In three years, he opened more than 100 accounts in 68 banks in nine countries: Austria, Denmark, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Luxembourg, and Monaco. Some of the accounts were opened in the names of Santacruzs mistresses and relatives, others under assumed European-sounding names. Keeping balances below $10,000 to avoid investigation, Jurado shifted the funds between the various accounts. He established European front companies with the eventual aim of transferring the clean money back to Colombia, to be invested in Santacruzs restaurants, construction companies, pharmacies and real estate holdings (UN, 1998) cited in Garnaut, J. (2006). According to the UN General Assembly, corrupt politicians, government officials and other criminal organizations increasingly sub-contract the task of money laundering to specialized professionals (such as accountants, lawyers and bankers) because the methods required to circumvent law enforcement officials are becoming ever more complex (see UN Special Session on the World Drug Problem 8-10 June, 1998). Professionals (such as Accountants, lawyers and bankers) are used not only to conceal the origin of the source of the proceeds, but to manage the subsequent investment into legitimate real estate and other assets. Money Laundering Introduction In anticipation of comparatively recently notion of money laundering were subjects that, although continuously reported and chattered about, were not studied to a great extent. it gives a quite out of the ordinary impression for the fact that well know crime stories such as the Medellin cartel to the notorious Al-Qaida network that have been taking place up to the September 11. Therefore, this can be arguable that beyond doubt it point out that organised crime has evolved a great deal fitting itself into a far-reaching socio-political changes, complex technological developments and diverse culture environments. According to Murilo Portugal, Deputy Managing Director of the IMF: Global financial stability hinges on collective action at the international level, but also on effective national systems. Robust anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism regimes are an important pillar of the international regulatory and supervisory system and part and parcel of the current efforts to strengthen the global financial framework.. Therefore, due to the out of the ordinary of money laundering and the new developing complexity of the techniques used by launders it is hard to keep accurate information of this sort of crime. What is Money Laundering? Although the observable fact of money laundering has taken on increase attention, from every country in the world its notion is still a controversy in the criminological phraseology. In anticipation of the concept of money laundering phrase, which has almost been talked about and documented over for the past seven decades, it is extraordinary that this subject has been given fewer research studies, regardless of the fact that organised crime has been part of the society for such a long time. Money laundering has been defined as the cover up of unlawfully get your hands on assets or proceeds so the can be then made to appear as they have been acquired in a lawfully manner. On the other hand, money laundering can mean different thing to different countries and organisation as there are variations on the definition of money laundering, nevertheless, almost certainly accepted definition that fit within the framework and the global idea intended to provide a global definition of money laundering is the one outlined (UN Organised Crime Convention). Article 6 of the convention regards the following conduct as money laundering: (i) the conversion or transfer of property, knowing that such property is the proceeds of crime, for the purpose of concealing or disguising the illicit origin of the property or of helping any person who is involved in the commission of the predicate offence to evade the legal consequences of his or her action; (ii) The concealment or disguise of the true nature, source, location, disposition, movement or ownership of or rights with respect to property, knowing that such property is the proceeds of crime; (iii) The acquisition, possession or use of property, knowing, at the time of receipt, that such property is the proceeds of crime. According to FATF, money laundering is defined as: . . . the processing of a enormous number of criminal acts to generate profit for individual or group that carries out the act with the intention to disguise their illegal origin in order to legitimize the ill gotten gains of crime. Any crime that generates significant profit extortion, drug trafficking, arms smuggling and some kind of white collar crime may create a need for money laundering (FATF). The process of money Laundering Alternatively money laundering operates in the same manner as a lawful business in terms of the financial operations. Therefore money launders in their set of business operations act upon the intention of introducing funds originated from criminal activities into the economy so that it appears legitimate. For this to be achieved funds or proceeds need to pass through a long way before it take on the appearance of a legal financial transaction. The procedures used in a money laundering process, theoretically, include three all-embracing stages known as placement, layering and integration. (I) Placement: This is the first stage in the money laundering process. It involves the introduction of the proceeds of criminal activity into the main stream financial system. This may involve the opening of bank account with genuine or fictitious names and the subsequent lodgement of funds in the account. This is the most vulnerable stage; (ii) Layering: This process involves the creation of a complex layer of financial transactions with the aim of evading the audit trail. The launderer may as well decide to purchase high valued commodities such as automobiles, jewellery, etc., and exporting to a different jurisdiction. Or better still, it may involve the purchase of shares of companies at the stock market; (iii) Integration: This stage involves the recycling of the laundered wealth to the direct benefit of the Launderer to appear as if it was derived from legitimate activity .It may involve the selling off of some valuable items which were purchased during the layering process. Causes of Money Laundering In a recent study ( cited on Ribeiro, 2002:Galvao, 2000); it is argued that money laundering causes bizarre changes, such as when the demand of money increases it also increases the risk and precariousness of the banking sector and financial systems. In addition, money laundering creates corruption, fraud, bribery, white collar crime and all other financial crimes. It is also worth contemplating whether some of the key drivers of money laundering in developing countries are due to the complexes of western regulations? According to Linell (1999), the western countries such as USA UK, approach the challenge against money laundering from a cost to benefit approach. For example the enforcement officers evaluate the cost of resources and compare it with the value of the crime in order for them to investigate; evidently this is an open door to launders to curse developing countries. Another report by Moore (2004), accuses Britain to be a safe Haven for money laundering. Moores reports fou nd fairly estimate that between  £25bn to  £40bn of dirty money is laundered in the UK each year from all over the world. This opens a question to whether globalization and technology, developed countries and professionals could be the main drivers of money laundering in developing countries (Killick, M. (2004). Globalisation and Technology To understand how increasing technology can have an adverse effect on money laundering, it is worth reflecting why the criminal considered technology as their shelter to hide their proceeds. Drawing attention to the revolutionary impact of technological advancement on organized crime, particularly money laundering as well as the concept of globalization, it is clear for one to argue that the combination of these two has deregulated the simply customs of state control over their own territory or location. There is no doubt even there is a lack of academically evidence to support this, globalization and technology has created more opportunities for criminality than it has for preventing them committing these crimes. for example, Tinker (1980), argues that globalisation has created profit generation organisations, such as the MNCs that work against the moral of local economy, particularly in developing countries. Money Laundering and the Professions in Developing Countries What is the relationship between the professionals such as the Accountants, Auditor and the Lawyers, and money laundering within the developing countries? Can their role be found been in a contradictory to be of capital accumulation ambition. According to Hoogvelt and Tinker, 1978 the money launders and the professional groups are seen as a protection of capitalism for the developed capitalist countries. For this reasons, capitalistic purpose of the Western economic powers, reflected within the formation of the multinational corporations (MNCs) as well as other overseas capitalists which produce offsprings of capitalist relations in developing countries, is arguable be the cause of contradictory placement between the corrupt ruling leaders and those you have influential powers in developing countries and the good governance, accountability and transparency-preaching Western capitalist world ( Bakre, 2005, 2006a). Wade, 1996 suggested that the alleged reason of bringing investments to developing countries is mainly based on the highly praised globalization. On the other hand, one can question whether globalisation benefits these developing countries. Hirst and Thompson, 1996, argue that this capital mobility is not in point of fact turning out a substantial shift of investment and employment from the developed countries to the developing countries. Therefore, the notion that these developed countries and globalisation would be of assistance to boast the economies of these developing countries. This seems to suggest that the MNCs and other foreign capitalists operating in foreign countries may not be relied upon to subordinate their own capitalistic interest to the interest of those countries where they operate, especially developing countries. However, the notion that the developed capitalist economies would help to jump start and boost the economies of developing countries through investments, which would eventually get rid of corruption and poverty, has been the acclaimed cornerstone of globalization ( Groom, 2001). Accountants and Auditors The external auditors, PriceWaterhouse, were in the dual position of acting as private consultants and tax advisors to the BCCI management to further their private interests, while the State was relying upon them to perform public interest functions by acting as an external monitor and independent quasi-regulator (Arnold and Sikka, 2001). For this reason, it can be argued that Britain and other western countries are still providing safe haven for money launderers and those who commit financial crimes (Moore, 2004). Another evidence is found in the document on BBC News website( ),it accuses Londons development to be clearly doing well as a result of its banking secrecy codes, which ignores the publics interest. Another example is the report by the African Business (online), which claim hundreds of billions of rand from white-collar crime have been laundered through South Africas financial system, but no convictions have yet been made (African Business, July 1, 2002). Deloitte Touchà © forensic services manager, Rupert Haw, says the global trend suggests that crime bosses earn their income in developing countries but invest it in more secure and sophisticated financial systems in developed countries (African Business, July 1, 2002) The Duty to Report Unlawful Conducts. It is obvious that for effective enforcements to tackle money laundering and fraud, the state should put in place a clear role of reporting duties for individuals and companies as well as professional boards involved in preventing. According to Masciandaro and Portolano (2003) Barret (1997), money laundering threatens the growth of the economy and the socioeconomic development of a country. Therefore, the development and robust economy can only achieved if both developing countries and developing countries put a balancing effort in combating money laundering, such as good governance and regulations that are not charlatan. From this perspective, the next following paragraphs will provides the evidence, which suggests that the developing countries and its ruling elites, public bodies, professional bodies and individuals as mentioned above are hypocrites in their role to prevent money laundering in developing countries. According to a report Hypocrisy of the developed countries and global bodies: evidences Money laundering is a global problem which significantly affects both developed and developing countries. This essay suggests that the problem should be tackled by both developed and developing countries, rather than shifting the burden on poor developing nations that have no resources to combat this global crime [Ekaette, 2002]. At the same time, readily available evidence indicates that some authorities in African countries steal government funds that are meant to serve the public and wire the money into some implicit accounts in banks in England, Switzerland, France, Germany, the USA, the Cayman Islands and Bahamas and [Agabi, 2002]. As in the case of the former Zaire (Congo) President Mabuto Seseko who was helped by the British government to win the elections in a fraudulent way. Furthermore, during is time in power it is claimed the western opportunely looked the other way and maintained their silence, while he was stealing the state money, laundering funds into overseas bank accounts (mainly Switzerland). With the continued protest from the several developing countries to those countries that function as haven for ransack funds from developing countries to assist in the recovery of the stolen funds in their banks, many of the countries, particularly the former colonial power, Britain, have refused to cooperate. While some others (such as Switzerland) have been promising to cooperate, sometimes these promises end up not being followed by these Countries. Secondly, from a developing countrys point of view, the Western countries uses criticisms of the developing countries as in the case of (Mabuto Seseko) as a means of benefiting from the issue of money laundering, while pretending to be implementing actions of the same anti-money laundering and anti-corruption preaching Western economic powers suggest hypocrisy. For example, while countries such as South Africa and Nigeria, and 28 other developing countries have so far given their support to the United Nations Convention Against Corruption, except France, all the other member countries of the so called Financial Action Task Force, FATF, that have been jointly threatening Africa countries economic sanctions, have not yet endorse the UN Conventions Against Corruption (see This Day, June 9, 2007). Moreover, it was during the 2002 meeting on the Global Organisation of Parliamentary against Corruption (GOPAC) that Australia, Canada and Italy  [1]  made pledges to set in motion machiner y to amend their banking laws to facilitate easy recovery of the developing countries looted funds in the banks in their countries [The Guardian, November 5, 2002]. Strangely enough, while countries such as USA, Britain, France, Germany, and Switzerland which serve as havens for looted funds from African countries expressed serious concern over the growing incidence of corruption especially in developing countries, such pledges were not made by any of these countries. For example in the case of , Raul Salinas de Gotari, brother of the former President of Mexico, Carlos Salinas de Gotari was able to transfer $90 million to $100 million between 1992 and 1994 by using a private banking relationship formed by Citibank New York in 1992 (see US General Accounting Office, 1999). The funds were transferred through Citibank Mexico and Citibank New York to private banking investment accounts in Citibank London and Citibank Switzerland. Yet, Britain and the United States are both powerful and leading member countries of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) that claim to be fighting money laundering globally. Conclusion Nonetheless, it is clear from available evidence shown in this essay that money laundering is one of the major challenges faced by the developing countries and if it is not tackled In time it will became the main destructive force to the economic and social development of this countries as it affect economic growth, reduces productivity in the economys real sector by diverting resources and encouraging crime and corruption, and can distort the economys long-term economic development. This essay highlighted observable facts of Money Laundering and its origins, as well as the patterns and implications it has in the developing countries. it is crucial to make a note of the hypocrites approach the western countries take, however a accurately study is recommended to effectively identify whether this claims exist. The resources against money laundering should be strengthened to ensure that the professional and MNCs wont continue to abuse the financial systems. Final Global responses to the challenges of money laundering should be tighter than at present.

The Fourth Amendment Essay -- essays research papers

Article VI The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.† –U.S. Constitutional Amendments Preface I choose the fourth amendment for two reasons: - It recognizes a right that, inevitably, cannot be taken away from a person. - It was not written out of spite, but out of experience. I personally feel like this is an issue that, had there not been a provision in the Constitution, would have created some serious issues with the colonists. The Fourth Amendment also almost gives the idea that there should be no problem with a person leaving his/her door unlocked, for the fellow citizens should honor the space of one another. History The Fourth Amendment came almost directly from experience of the colonials. But it wasn’t introduced only as a fundamental right, but also as a major part of the English ideals as well. In England, ''Everyman's house is his castle'' was an honored phrase, enforcing the idea that it is not only is it a law, but a right that cannot be delegated by any government idea. There are two major cases where this idea was tried. Semayne’s Case and Entick v. Carrington. Semayne's Case Accused of denying access to officials, Semayne exercised the right of a homeowner to defend his ...

How Important It Is for Parents to Teach Gender Roles to Their Children Essay

How important it is for parents to teach gender roles to their children? Topics such as abortion, capital punishment, and gender role have always been commonly discussed subject in society since the dawn of time. Gender role simply defined is a person’s inner sense of how a male or female should feel and behave. Society and culture are very important in relation to this subject. This means different societies and cultures may produce children and later, grown men and women, who have quite distinct views of a man or a woman’s place in the world around them, and it is often determined by their parents’ influence at their early age of childhood. Dozens of researches and studies show that parent’s attitude and behaviours could affect their children both positively and negatively which makes it imperative for the parent to bear the burden of teaching the children.. Boys must learn what boys and men do, what they like, and even how they think and feel. Females do likewise as they learn the roles for girls and women. When children seem already aware of differences between what men and women wear and do, then children are deeply involved in this search for these â€Å"roles†. This action also blends in with the process of them searching for their identities. Through myriad activities, opportunities, encouragements, discouragements, overt behaviours, covert suggestions, and various forms of guidance, children experience how they fit into their gender role among others. As children grow and develop, the gender stereotypes they are exposed to at home are reinforced by other elements in their environment and are thus perpetuated throughout childhood and on into adolescence. By the time a person steps into adulthood, the influence from the parents from the childhood will result in the change of his personality and attitude towards others. If the person has been taught how to deal with gender roles properly., he would understand that rather than blaming each other for the situation, he and his partner should be willing to work together to learn about their new roles. Successful marriage partners learn to negotiate and share tasks. Managers take employees aside and tell them when comments are inappropriate. It will take time to sort out all the implications in the changing of gender roles, but with correct guidance, it should result in better workplaces, better relationships, better schools, and better lives. The shifting of gender roles in the past few decades has been huge. It has happened so quickly that men and women are still trying to sort out what the new roles are as well as what the rules mean to them. Although women are no longer expected to be the keepers of the house; nonetheless, in reality, this is still true in most families. Frankly, men are generally open to the successes enjoyed by the women they share their lives with, but some still find it hard to celebrate a woman’s triumphs because they feel it diminishes their own.